Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, daily updated national epidemic data, COVID-19 virus knowledge popularization, and residents' epidemic prevention guidelines have affected everyone's nerves.
At the moment of the epidemic, we need not to believe or spread rumors, and to do solid protection on the premise of fully understanding it. Do you know about these knowledge points of COVID-19?
1. New Coronaviruses and SARS
The new coronavirus belongs to the β-type coronavirus, which has an envelope, the particles are round or oval, often polymorphic, and the diameter is 60-140nm. Its genetic characteristics are significantly different from SARSr-CoV and MERSr-CoV. Current research shows that it has more than 85% homology with bat SARS-like coronavirus (bat-SL-CoVZC45).
Academician Zhong Nanshan: The new coronavirus is a type of coronavirus that is parallel to SARS coronavirus. They are the same type (virus), but not the same.
2. COVID-19 virus is related to chrysanthemum bat coronavirus
According to the World Health Organization, there is increasing evidence of a link between the COVID-19 virus and the coronavirus (CoV) transmitted in bats. More specifically, it is related to the coronavirus transmitted in the bat subspecies chrysanthemum.
However, the report pointed out that the initial transmission route of the outbreak is still unclear, and the most likely situation is that some intermediate host animal has transmitted the virus to humans. At present, Chinese and foreign experts are working hard to find the source of animal infection of the new coronavirus.
3. New coronavirus is sensitive to UV and heat
The virus is sensitive to ultraviolet light and heat. Lipid solvents such as ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid, and chloroform can effectively inactivate the virus at 30 ° C for 56 minutes. Chlorhexidine has not been effective in inactivating the virus.
4. Fever, fatigue, and dry cough are the main manifestations
COVID-19 patients are mainly characterized by fever, fatigue, and dry cough. A few patients have symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, and diarrhea.
Severe patients often develop dyspnea and / or hypoxemia one week after the onset of the disease, and the severe cases progress rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, difficult to correct metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction. It is worth noting that in the course of severe and critically ill patients, there may be moderate to low fever, even without obvious fever. Mild patients showed only low fever, mild fatigue, and no pneumonia.
5. The vast majority of confirmed cases are mild
Jiao Yahui, deputy director of the State Administration of Health and Medical Care Administration: The vast majority of patients with pneumonitis infected by the new coronavirus are mild.
6. The incubation period is mostly 3-7 days
According to the "New Coronary Virus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Version 5)", based on the current epidemiological investigation, the incubation period is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days.
Academician Zhong Nanshan: We calculated based on the time when the patient reported the source of infection and the earliest symptoms. The longest is 24 days, but only 1 out of 1099 cases. It is not scientific enough to use the time reported by this only patient as the longest incubation period for the disease. Our study showed that the median incubation period for all patients was 4 days.
7. Asymptomatic infection can also be a source of infection
The sources of infection seen so far are mainly patients with new coronavirus infections. Asymptomatic infection can also be a source of infection.
Li Xingwang, member of the National Medical Experts Group: The asymptomatic infections found so far are mainly close contacts of patients, which occur more often among family members. Asymptomatic infections are relatively mild and the amount of virus is relatively small, so their ability to spread may be weaker.
8. Respiratory droplets and contact transmission are the main routes of transmission
Respiratory droplets and contact transmission are the main routes of transmission of COVID-19. Transmission routes such as aerosol and digestive tract are yet to be clarified.
Feng Luzhao, a researcher at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention: The droplet spread is very short, generally within 1-2 meters, and will not float in the air for a long time. Under daily ventilation, there is generally no new coronavirus in the air.
9. The population is generally vulnerable
Feng Luzhao, a researcher at the Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention: COVID-19 is a new infectious disease. No one is immune and everyone is susceptible. Avoid touching the handrails of stairs, the buttons of elevators, and other public facilities surfaces with your hands. Do not touch your eyes, mouth, and nose after touching them, and wash your hands as soon as possible.
Jiao Yahui, deputy director of the State Administration of Health and Medical Care Administration, said at a press conference on the 4th that the majority of deaths were advanced age, 2/3 were male, 1/3 were female, and 80% were older than 60 People, and most have more than one cardio-cerebral vascular, diabetes and other basic diseases.
10. If the local virus volume is high, it will be transmitted in 2 seconds
Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital: The virus is generally infectious, and it is completely possible for 15 seconds to cause transmission. If there is no protection and the local virus volume is very high, a word of droplets may arrive and you will be infected. Not to mention 15 seconds, 2 seconds can also cause infection, so protection is important.
11. Coronavirus mutation probability is low
Qiu Haibo, deputy director of the Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University: Coronavirus is a single-stranded RNA virus. It is relatively stable. It may mutate, but the mutation probability is lower than that of influenza virus. Influenza viruses mutate over several months, and the probability of coronavirus mutations is relatively low. But still be wary if it will mutate.
12.No new coronavirus was found in pets
Jiang Rongmeng, a member of the expert group of the National Health and Medical Commission and the chief physician of the Second Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital: Current research shows that there are more than 50 types of coronaviruses and four genera that can infect many animals, but there is a species barrier between them, not at random There are only 7 kinds of infections that can infect people. So far, no pets have been found to be infected with the virus and transmitted to humans, and no patient has been infected and transmitted to pets.
13. Nucleic acid testing is not the only diagnostic basis
The currently published "New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Trial Fifth Edition)" judges the patient's condition from three aspects: nucleic acid detection, pulmonary imaging, and clinical symptoms.
Xu Shunqing, deputy dean of the School of Public Health of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: There are some false negatives in nucleic acid testing, which means that some patients are not detected. This may cause some sources of infection to not be identified and there is a risk of expansion. In the past, the diagnosis and treatment plan used nucleic acid detection as the sole diagnostic basis. Now the fifth edition of the diagnosis and treatment plan uses CT and clinical as the basis. These three aspects are combined to judge the recovery of the patient.
14.COVID-19 is a self-limiting disease
Zhang Dingyu, President of Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital: COVID-19 is actually a self-limiting disease. Currently, there are more than 1,500 COVID-19 patients admitted by Jinyintan Hospital. The vast majority of patients can be discharged smoothly after treatment.
15. No effective antiviral treatment is currently confirmed
According to the "New Coronary Virus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Trial Version 5)", no effective antiviral treatment has been confirmed. Avoid blind or inappropriate use of antimicrobials, especially in combination with broad-spectrum antimicrobials.
Zhang Boli, President of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine: We do not recommend that people who are not sick take medicine, or use some medicine to prevent it, because there is no suitable medicine to prevent it.
16. Consistent national discharge standards
The patient's temperature returned to normal for more than 3 days, the respiratory symptoms improved significantly, and the lung imaging showed significant absorption of inflammation. Two consecutive negative respiratory pathogen nucleic acid tests were negative (sampling interval at least 1 day). The patient can be released from the hospital or transferred to the appropriate department according to the condition Treatment of other diseases.
17. The inflection point is determined by the prevention and control of the peak return
Academician Zhong Nanshan: From the current point of view, the inflection point of the epidemic is unpredictable, but the peak should appear in mid-late February. The turning point of the epidemic is determined by the prevention and control of the peak return.
Zeng Guang, chief scientist of epidemiology at the China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, wrote in a personal Weibo post that an inflection point for the decline of the epidemic has appeared, and an inflection point for potential rises. He predicted that according to the estimated time of onset, the inflection point was delayed by an incubation period from the peak of the return journey. If the estimated time of diagnosis was determined, it would be delayed by about a week.
18.COVID-19 virus has a low probability of contaminating vegetables and meat
Feng Luzhao, a researcher at the Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control Department of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention: The chance of the virus contaminating vegetables, fruits, and meat through droplets and direct contact is very low. It is recommended that vegetables, meat, and fruits be washed with running water after they are bought home. The food can be prevented from spreading through the digestive tract by washing and cooking the food and washing your hands before meals and afterwards.
19.COVID-19 virus contamination is unlikely
China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: In general, express packages are less likely to be contaminated with the new coronavirus during transport. There have been no reports of COVID-19 infection due to receiving express packages. Recipients are advised to wear masks and gloves when receiving courier. After handling the package, remove gloves in time and wash your hands with running water or use hand disinfectant.
20. Wear masks throughout the subway
China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Wear a mask all the way by bus and subway. If you want to touch the handle, you can wear gloves until you reach your destination, remove them, and wash your hands immediately without having to wear medical gloves. It is recommended to write down your itinerary and report it in case of discomfort.
21. Professional masks are reserved for frontline medical staff
①Medical protective mask: It is recommended to wear it when sending out medical consultation, isolation ward medical staff and confirmed patients.
② KN95 / N95 and above particulate protective masks: Recommended for on-site investigation, sampling and testing personnel, public personnel can also wear in highly dense places or closed public places.
③Medical surgical masks: It is recommended to wear suspected cases, passengers of the Department of Public Transport, taxi drivers, sanitation workers, and service personnel in public places.
④ Disposable medical masks: It is recommended for the public to use in non-intensive public places.
22. Reuse of masks depends on the specific situation
Feng Luzhao, a researcher at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Ordinary residents use disposable masks in places with low risks. They can be reused to ensure that the masks are clean and complete, especially when the inner layer is not polluted. They should be used after each use. Keep it in a clean, dry and ventilated place.
23. Disposable protective clothing cannot be reused after disinfection
Zhang Dingyu, President of Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital: According to the requirements for the use of disposable protective equipment, the disposable masks, gloves, protective clothing, shoe covers, etc. currently used cannot be reused after being killed. However, goggles, rubber shoes, and other appliances that have reached the disinfection standard after sterilization can be recycled.
24. Try to keep distance when eating
Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital: Is takeaway 100% safe, but overall the probability of causing disease transmission is very low. It is recommended to wear a mask to go outside to take out food, throw the packaging directly into the trash can, and do not bring it back to the room. After entering the house, wash your hands, then take the meals inside, and then wash your hands and eat. Try to keep your distance when you eat. It is best to eat your own, don't talk, eat quickly. Because you must take off your mask when eating, be sure to keep a distance of more than one meter.
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